In order to secure the aircraft engine to the airframe or fuselage and evenly distribute the stresses and vibrations caused by the engine, we use engine mounts. Engine mounts are lightweight steel tubes welded together to form strong and stable structures to house aircraft engines. Aircraft engines of the same type or manufacturer will often use the same engine mounts. However, you can choose to weld your own instead of buying a pre-made one. Here are some shapes to consider.
Conical mounts are the easiest to fabricate, with four attach points to affix the engine and another four points to bolt the mount to the firewall. The mount points are parallel to the firewall, so there are no awkward angles. However, the vibrations and engine torque are not muffled, they’re transmitted through the frame.
Dynafocal mounts are more ideal because they cushion the vibrations and movements of the aircraft engine. However they’re more difficult and expensive to build and install. Dynafocal mounts also have four attach points, but they’re configured in the shape of a ring and focused at an angle towards the engine’s center of gravity. As a result, during welding, this angle must be held in perfect alignment or else the bolts won’t fit during engine installation.
Bed mounts are a little different. They have four points under the crankcase and then hang onto the firewall. They’re typically used on certain diesel engines.
Another thing to consider is the shock mount. The engine mount doesn’t dampen vibrations much on its own. Shock mounts, stiff rubber pieces of varying thickness and strength, are used in between the engine and mount in order to absorb the vibrations.
When welding your mount, it’s important that you know what you’re doing. You need to get all the alignments right, weld perfectly, and be able to install your mount properly. Some aircraft manufacturers will have installation kits including a mount for the engines they sell, which can be a lot easier to use than it is to weld your own. It pays to do your research and know what you’re doing.
At Aerospace Exchange, owned and operated by ASAP Semiconductor, we want to make sure that your aircraft is running at full capacity, so we stock up on everything you’d need, from materials to fabricate your own mount to pre-made mounts and installation kits. Visit us at www.aerospaceexchange.com to get started.
Lubrication, of any engine, is vital to its effective functioning and longevity. Without proper engine lubrication, you risk engine malfunctions and extreme wear and tear. This holds especially true to aircraft engines. Other functions of lubricants are cleaning, cooling, sealing, and fighting corrosion and rust that could plague the engine if left unused or untreated for prolonged periods of time. Lubricants’ amazing ability to keep engines clean is a major benefit. While the lubricant keeps the engine clean, it also maximizes efficiency of the engine to make sure you’re getting the maximum output your engine is capable of.
Lubricants also keep the engine cool. As the many parts of an engine are constantly moving and touching, they generate friction and therefore heat, which can raise the temperature of the engine to dangerous levels. The lubricant limits friction between the moving parts to keep the engine running cool and efficiently. This being said, engine lubricant is vital to the operations and moving parts of an engine. Without it, the engine becomes dangerous and not fit to fly.
Engine lubricant also acts as a seal in the space between the rings and the cylinder walls. The lubricant used in an engine can be used on and around seals in parts such as the crankshaft, protecting and retaining the seal. This being said, it’s important to know the properties of the lubricant that you need. If it’s not thick enough, it can put too much pressure on the seal and render the engine useless. If the formula is wrong, the seal could be corroded instead of protected. Properties are mixed film, dynamic, hydrodynamic, and electrohydrodynamic. Be sure to have the correct properties to avoid a potential malfunction.
A great extent of aircraft equipped with reciprocating engines maneuver an engine mount construction made of welded steel tubing. The mount is assembled in one or multiple sections that include the engine mount ring, bracing members (V-struts), and fittings for linking the mount to the wing nacelle.
The engine mounts are typically connected with the aircraft by particular heat – treated steel bolts. The significance of utilizing these particular bolts can be promptly admired, since they solitarily hold the complete weight of, and withstand all, the pressure enforced by the engine and propeller in flight. The superior bolts carry the weight of the engine while the aircraft is on the ground, but when the aircraft is flying another pressure is added. This pressure is torsional and impacts all bolts, not just the superior ones.
The portion of an engine mount where the engine is connected is known as the engine mount ring. It is typically created of steel tubing having a bigger diameter than the rest of the mount anatomy. It is ring shaped so that it can encircle the engine, which is close to the point of balance for the engine. The engine is generally attached mount by dynafocal mounts, secured to the engine at the point of equilibrium forward of the mount ring.
As aircraft engine turned to be manufactured in larger size and provide more power, some technique was required to assimilate their vibration. Alternative categories of mounting machines are also used to fix the divergent engines to their mount rings. This request conducted the development of the rubber and steel engine suspension components named shock mounts. This combination allows cramped engine motion in all directions.
In regard to airplanes, a tailwheel aircraft or a taildagger alludes to the position of the landing gear on an airplane. An aircraft with a tailwheel, which can also be identified as a conventional gear, is designed with the aircrafts two main landing gears set towards the front of the airplane’s center of gravity. It can also be set at the front of the aircraft, where a single “tailwheel” is in the back of the airplane to support the airplane’s tail.
The word “conventional” can be difficult to fully understand, although in present times, it is more common to see tricycle gears on light aircraft rather than the tailwheel style. Nonetheless, the word “conventional” (which derived from the detail that most airplanes years ago were designed with a tailwheel gear configuration) suggests that the airplane has been design with a tailwheel rather than a tricycle gear. Aircrafts that are designed with tricycle landing gears, in which the two main landing gear are placed behind the center of gravity while the nose gear supports the nose in the front of the aircraft, is the more common gear seen in light aircraft today.
Tailwheel aircraft are often seen to be more challenging and even more hazardous to fly than airplanes designed with a tricycle landing gear. Due to the position of the center of gravity, which is located at the back of the main gear, ground operations such as landing can be more difficult in a tailwheel airplane. Because the nose sits higher in a tailwheel aircraft than a tricycle gear airplane, the forward visibility of the pilot is lowered during ground operations (ie. landing). It is more difficult to navigate without the ability to see directly in front of you, which is why in most cases, pilots of tailwheel aircrafts will do S-turns during navigation.
“Taildaggers” or “tailwheels” certainly also have benefits. Because of the “nose-high attitude” on the ground, the propellers on the aircraft have more clearance from the ground, which makes them more suitable for grass or dirt runways. These aircrafts are usually designed and configured for slower flights, which allows for easier landings on short runways.
ATR, a Franco-Italian aircraft manufacturer and a parent company to Leonardo DRS, a defense contractor, recently announced its rejection of the 100-seat turboprop. Leonardo has been working for several years with airbus on the plan however, the agreement was taking too long so Leonardo opted out. Leonardo will now invest all its resources into its existing ATR 42 and 72 models.
Leonardo was trying to out-do bombardier who recently released the world’s only 90-seat turboprop. Leonardo currently has a detailed plan to restore growth within their helicopter division after it had several difficulties and misfortunes in 2017. Although this partnership did not prove to work out Leonardo states that it is still a step in the right direction to restore the helicopter division.
ATR owns over 75% of the worlds turboprop market and even with its recent order of 42 and 72 models, there is still room for significant growth. The turboprop is ATR’s current focus and they are going to do all they can to make it successful.
The new turboprop was denied because it would need to have an entire new airframe created. Leonardo is not happy about ATR’s decision and has even threatened to take on an entire new partner to get the job done. Leonardo’s enthusiasm is of no surprise as the company has always strived for top manufacturing and financial performance.
For now, Leonardo’s focus is for steady yet sustainable growth over the next few years. Leonardo will be looking for more opportunities to expand their business and to put more focus on bigger projects so that they can start coming out on top.
Honeywell has recently joined forces with Logix Aero, a rental dealership offering custom financing solutions to offer rental auxiliary power units to airbus customers. These units will be rented to individuals whom posses Airbus A330 and A340 Aircrafts. The need for this type of service has been long awaited and customers are highly looking forward to these rental deals as they will provide short and long-term solutions.
These rentals will allow for customers to utilize the units without having a contracted obligation to repair the unit or the unit core. The program also allows customers to use the maintenance service of their choice for the auxiliary power units which will reduce costs for upkeep and repair and will make downtime pass quicker.
Customers will now be able to choose the amount of time they would like to rent, a perk that addresses their operational and business needs. Once the units are no longer needed they will be dissembled from the aircraft and returned to Logix Aero to be rented to the next customer. Unscheduled auxiliary power unit maintenance or failure can lead to flight cancellations and downtime, a financial hit that no airline wants to take.
Although these units won’t solve the problem of a failed auxiliary power units it will allow for a temporary fix so that airlines can continue to fly and ensure customer satisfaction. Honeywell is the world largest Manufacturer of auxiliary power units, many aircrafts ranging from commercial, executive and military platforms. The units are primarily used to power aircrafts during ground operations such as main engine starting, ground operations and aircraft conditioning.
Four engine jets including the Boeing 747 and the Airbus A380 put Qantas, Korean Air, and Asian Airlines at the bottom of the airline fuel efficiency ranking of transpacific flights. While Hainan Airlines and All Nippon Airways (ANA) are said to be the most fuel efficient with 36 passenger kilometers per liter of fuel. This claim was made by the International Council on Clean Transportation (ICCT) in the white paper in 2016. These low fuel uses are accomplished in very different ways. Hainan Airlines is an extremely advanced fleet with 81% of its available seats were on the Boeing 787 Dreamliner aircraft. While the All Nippon Airways (ANA) have a higher amount of burning fuel but carried more cargo.
Qantas was at the bottom of the ranking with only 22 passenger kilometers per liter of fuel due to it being the most fuel intensive with very low load capabilities with both cargo and passengers. The average passenger kilometers per liter of fuel within airlines is 31. Even lower than Qantas, was China Southern Airlines, China Eastern Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Philippine Airlines, and Singapore Airlines with 20 passenger kilometers per liter of fuel.
The International Council on Clean Transportation’s (ICCT’s) aviation program director, Dan Rutherford found that the fuel burn per passenger rises with the size and weight of the aircraft, which is why the 747s and A380s look so bad in this report. Qantas is looking to replace the 747s with the 787-9s that have the twin engine controls. The most recent twin-engine planes with a wider body meet the requirements for a transpacific flight but with much lower fuel burn.
Bombardier Manufacturer is planning a new CSeries Site in Alabama that will serve as a final assembly site. They are taking every step to plan, receive needed approvals, and stay within all the laws. Since their December 27th document being filed with the ITC, International Trade Commission, Bombardier has continued to move towards the construction of their final assembly site. These papers were filed with the ITC after requests for more information on the Alabama Site after a trade dispute investigation. The construction of the Alabama final assembly site will put Bombardier’s United States assembly line in its advanced stages.
This completion will unfortunately be years down the line because there is so much equipment and told required for this final site. The good news is that this CSeries site will create some 400 to 500 jobs. The site in Mobile, Alabama is said to be the identical twin of the Mirabel site.
Another big case the ITC requested further information on was the Boeing merger with Brazilian manufacturer Embraer. Boeing claimed in the ITC paperwork that Embraer’s regional jets do not compare to their Boeing 737s model, but the CSeries do now and always will compete with Boeing. The merger comes easily because Boeing and Embraer have worked together on things in the past.
The ruling from the ITC will come on January 25th and will decide if Bombardier’s sale of the CS100s to Delta Air Lines ended up harming Boeing. If harm is found the CS100s will be subject to import duties set by the US Department of Commerce at a huge 292%. However, is no harm is found, the duties will not be imposed.
Robertson Fuel Systems and StandardAero have received Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification for their retrofittable crash resistant fuel tank (CRFT) for the Airbus AS350 and EC130 family of light single helicopters. Production deliveries to launch partners Air Methods Corporation (AMC) and WeatherTech Aviation LLC are already ongoing, with additional orders now being taken from operators worldwide. European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) certification of the CRFT is expected to follow shortly.
The CRFT has been developed by StandardAero and Robertson as a direct replacement for all AS350 models, including the AS350 C, AS350 D/D1, AS350 B/B1/B2/BA/B3 and AS350 B3e (H125), as well as the EC130 B4. The tank’s unique design features a crash resistant fuel bladder, with the same capacity as the legacy fuel cell, and uses several innovations including magnetic field sensor fuel gauging technology and vent system roll-over protection. The CRFT is compliant with the latest FAR Part 27.952 fuel system crash resistance requirements, even when used in combination with a cargo swing.
Public and regulatory focus on enhanced helicopter safety has continued to grow since the CRFT was first unveiled in 2015, and the FAA Reauthorization Act now includes an amendment that requires the FAA to make helicopter owners aware of fuel system retrofits and to urge them to install them.
StandardAero is a global independent provider of services, including engine and airframe maintenance, repair and overhaul, engine component repair, engineering services, interior completions and paint applications. StandardAero serves a diverse array of customers in business and general aviation, airline, military, helicopter, components and energy markets. The company celebrated its 100th year of industry leadership in 2011.
Robertson Fuel Systems, founded in the 1960s, is a pioneer in the development of crashworthy fuel systems in rotorcraft and ground systems. It is owned by HEICO Corporation.
Delta Airlines strikes a bargain when searching for a mode to power their Airbus A321neo aircraft. Coming to terms with Pratt and Whitney, they have agreed to provide not only the PW1100G-JM engine for the A321neo but has also placed Delta Airlines on their list of approved PW1000-series geared turbofan (GTF) overhaul shops. In doing so Delta is presented with a new field of opportunity in aftermarket sales and hopes to, “keep its own MRO costs low while offsetting them with millions of dollars in third-party revenue by in-sourcing work from other airlines.”
Deltas Tech Ops MRO Division will be the one responsible for the aftermarket support. Delta has great resources that will be allocated to a prime support for the Airbus A321neo engines and will also be very useful for Pratt and Whitney’s PW1500Gs. The PW1500 is also used to power Bombardiers C Series aircraft which Delta has placed an order for a new 75 C Series.
Deltas CEO is very confident in their efforts to try and better their company by stating,”
The other thing that was really important for us to obtain from Pratt was the ability to actually execute on that plan with the repair capabilities and having the tools and the technology transfer that we're going to work together on to position Delta as the premier provider and engine repair shop for the geared turbofan across the board."
A slight concern has risen with the allocation of Deltas Atlantas based Tech Ops facility as it is nearby Pratts Columbus, Ga GTF facility located a near 100 miles up the road. MRO Network states that Delta should not be affected due to the volume of their orders in the upcoming years.
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